{"id":26599,"date":"2023-09-06T13:06:32","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T06:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-06T13:06:32","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T06:06:32","slug":"bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft v\u0103n, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6ad0bd3e4e43b\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6ad0bd3e4e43b\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Tu_tu_la_gi\" title=\"Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#1_So_sanh\" title=\"1. So s\u00e1nh\">1. So s\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#2_Nhan_hoa\" title=\"2. Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a\">2. Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#3_An_du\" title=\"3. \u1ea8n d\u1ee5\">3. \u1ea8n d\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Tieu_de_cap_2\" title=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 2\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 2<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Vi_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Tieu_de_cap_3\" title=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 3\">Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 3<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Vi_du-2\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\" title=\"Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\">Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Vai_tro_cua_bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\" title=\"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\" title=\"Tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\">Tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Cac_loai_bien_phap_tu_tu\" title=\"C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#1_Vi_du_ve_bien_phap_tu_tu\" title=\"1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb\">1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#2_Tam_quan_trong_cua_bien_phap_tu_tu\" title=\"2. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb\">2. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#Tu_tu_la_gi-2\" title=\"Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#1_Bien_phap_so_sanh\" title=\"1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh\">1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#2_Tu_tu_nhan_hoa\" title=\"2. Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a\">2. Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/bien-phap-tu-tu-la-gi\/#3_Bien_phap_an_du\" title=\"3. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5\">3. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_tu_la_gi\"><\/span>Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tu t\u1eeb hay Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb, c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n) theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. Qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u0129, t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_So_sanh\"><\/span>1. So s\u00e1nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m cho di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. Qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>So s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 mun<\/li>\n<li><strong>So s\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ngang b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i kia, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang con.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nhan_hoa\"><\/span>2. Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi, t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi con v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt hay c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho l\u1eddi v\u0103n th\u01a1 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n ra g\u1ea7n g\u0169i, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u00fa g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ecb \u00f4ng N\u00e2u, \u00f4ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&#8230;<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00d4ng tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p \u0111en ra tr\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_An_du\"><\/span>3. \u1ea8n d\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tu t\u1eeb \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m cho di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i tu t\u1eeb \u1ea9n d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1ea8n d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ea5u \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;V\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea B\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Sen\/ C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e2m b\u1ee5t th\u1eafp l\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ed3ng&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ea8n d\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c:<\/strong> G\u1ecdi t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ea8n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t:<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1edb b\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng\/ B\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee3i thuy\u1ec1n&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1ea8n d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c:<\/strong> Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u0111i qua tr\u00ean l\u0103ng\/ Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong l\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 N\u00f3i qu\u00e1, N\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m n\u00f3i tr\u00e1nh, \u0110i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb, \u0111i\u1ec7p ng\u1eef, Ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef, T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n hay Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>Do nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_de_cap_2\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 2\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bien_phap_tu_tu_la_gi_tim_hieu_ve_bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_ban.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 2\"\/><\/p>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>So s\u00e1nh:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 &#8220;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;nh\u01b0&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Anh ta tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><em>Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi con v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u1ee7i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;C\u00e1i c\u00e2y g\u00e3y nh\u01b0 ch\u00e0ng trai b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><em>\u1ea8n d\u1ee5:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 con dao &#8211; s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m cho ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tieu_de_cap_3\"><\/span>Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 3\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bien_phap_tu_tu_la_gi_tim_hieu_ve_bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_ban-1.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p 3\"\/><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh. So s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-2\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;C\u00f4 g\u00e1i tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng hoa n\u1edf trong bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm mai.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a anh ta to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;C\u01a1n gi\u1eadn nh\u01b0 b\u00e3o t\u00e1p tr\u00e1i tim t\u00f4i.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\"><\/span>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; So s\u00e1nh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. So s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai d\u1ea1ng: so s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 &#8220;nh\u01b0&#8221;, &#8220;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&#8221;) v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ngang b\u1eb1ng (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 &#8220;kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng&#8221;, &#8220;c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb&#8230;b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;T\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 mun&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i kia, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang con&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi con v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt hay c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap cho l\u1eddi v\u0103n th\u01a1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Ch\u00fa g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng&#8221;, &#8220;ch\u1ecb \u00f4ng N\u00e2u&#8221;, &#8220;\u00f4ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u0111i qua tr\u00ean l\u0103ng\/ Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong l\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb, ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vai_tro_cua_bien_phap_tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\"><\/span>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m: C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u01b0, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb gi\u00fap t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u01b0, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_tu_trong_van_hoc\"><\/span>Tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf n\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh, nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, ho\u00e1n d\u1ee5&#8230; gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u01a1: &#8220;T\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 mun&#8221;, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c v\u1edbi m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 mun. Qua \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8220;\u00d4ng tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p \u0111en ra tr\u1eadn&#8221;, t\u1eeb &#8220;\u00f4ng tr\u1eddi&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111en c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi khi tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1i. <\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cac_loai_bien_phap_tu_tu\"><\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<p>1. So s\u00e1nh: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng so s\u00e1nh: ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngang b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>2. Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>3. \u1ea8n d\u1ee5: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>4. Ho\u00e1n d\u1ee5: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1n d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1, n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m n\u00f3i tr\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb, ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef&#8230; M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Vi_du_ve_bien_phap_tu_tu\"><\/span>1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed7i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; So s\u00e1nh: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;T\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 mun&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i kia, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang con&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho l\u1eddi v\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u00fa g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng) ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u00d4ng tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p \u0111en ra tr\u1eadn).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5: Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 gi\u00fap di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0m s\u00fac v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, bao g\u1ed3m:<br \/>\n    &#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1ea5u \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;V\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea B\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Sen\/ C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e2m b\u1ee5t th\u1eafp l\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ed3ng&#8221;).<br \/>\n    &#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: Khi g\u1ecdi t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n&#8221;).<br \/>\n    &#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t: Khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1edb b\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng\/ B\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee3i thuy\u1ec1n&#8221;).<br \/>\n    &#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c: Khi mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u0111i qua tr\u00ean l\u0103ng\/ Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong l\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf&#8221;).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Tam_quan_trong_cua_bien_phap_tu_tu\"><\/span>2. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m. C\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh, g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<br \/>\n&#8211; Thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u01b0, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_tu_la_gi-2\"><\/span>Tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef (t\u1eeb, c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n) theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Tu t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Bien_phap_so_sanh\"><\/span>1. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai d\u1ea1ng:<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh ngang b\u1eb1ng: V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;T\u00f3c \u0111en nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7 mun.&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8211; So s\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ngang b\u1eb1ng: V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ee9c ngo\u00e0i kia, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang con.&#8221; Trong c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c m\u1eb9 th\u1ee9c cho con v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Tu_tu_nhan_hoa\"><\/span>2. Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi con v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng tu t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a:<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8220;Ch\u00fa g\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng&#8221;, &#8220;Ch\u1ecb \u00f4ng N\u00e2u&#8221;, &#8220;\u00d4ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&#8221;.<br \/>\n&#8211; D\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8220;\u00d4ng tr\u1eddi m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p \u0111en ra tr\u1eadn&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Bien_phap_an_du\"><\/span>3. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t. C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i gi\u1ea5u \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;V\u1ec1 th\u0103m qu\u00ea B\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Sen\/ C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e2m b\u1ee5t th\u1eafp l\u00ean l\u1eeda h\u1ed3ng.&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: G\u1ecdi t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 n\u00e9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n.&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t: T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u1edb b\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng\/ B\u1ebfn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng \u0111\u1ee3i thuy\u1ec1n.&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8211; \u1ea8n d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c: Mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua gi\u00e1c quan n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c quan kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;Ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y \u0111i qua tr\u00ean l\u0103ng\/ Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong l\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tu t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1, n\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m n\u00f3i tr\u00e1nh, \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb, ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef, t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00eam sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e2u ch\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb trong vi\u1ebft v\u0103n v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"T\u1ed5ng \u00f4n c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t | H\u1ecdc V\u0103n Th\u1ea7y L\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" width=\"790\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fIQZV2AF5ZI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u00fac t\u00edch. N\u00f3&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khai-niem-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}