{"id":27276,"date":"2023-09-08T15:11:30","date_gmt":"2023-09-08T08:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-08T15:11:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T08:11:30","slug":"ic-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>IC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a &#8220;Integrated Circuit&#8221; trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p&#8221; trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u00fap thu nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. IC ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6acdaf1404c54\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6acdaf1404c54\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#1_IC_la_gi_Cau_tao_va_chuc_nang_cua_IC\" title=\"1. IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC\">1. IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#Cau_tao_cua_IC\" title=\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a IC:\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a IC:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#Chuc_nang_cua_IC\" title=\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC:\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#2_IC_la_mot_loai_linh_kien_khong_the_thieu_trong_bat_cu_mach_dien_tu_nao_vay_IC_la_gi\" title=\"2. IC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, v\u1eady IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">2. IC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, v\u1eady IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#IC_la_viet_tat_cua_tu_Integrated_Circuit_vi_mach_tich_hop_va_la_mot_loai_linh_kien_dien_tu_quan_trong_trong_cong_nghe_thong_tin_va_dien_tu_IC_duoc_tao_thanh_tu_su_ket_hop_cua_nhieu_linh_kien_ban_dan_va_linh_kien_thu_dong_nhu_transistor_diot_dien_tro_va_cac_yeu_to_khac_Cac_linh_kien_nay_duoc_ket_hop_lai_tren_mot_mieng_silic_hoac_chip_de_tao_thanh_mot_mach_tich_hop_co_chuc_nang_cu_the\" title=\"IC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &#8220;Integrated Circuit&#8221; (vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 transistor, \u0111i\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng silic ho\u1eb7c chip \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\">IC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &#8220;Integrated Circuit&#8221; (vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 transistor, \u0111i\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng silic ho\u1eb7c chip \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#Cau_truc_cua_IC_bao_gom_cac_lop_dan_dien_va_cach_ly_giua_chung_Cac_lop_nay_duoc_tao_ra_thong_qua_qua_trinh_anh_xa_hoac_etsie_etching_tren_mieng_silic_Sau_do_cac_linh_kien_ban_dan_nhu_transistor_va_diot_duoc_san_xuat_va_gan_vao_cac_vi_tri_phu_hop_tren_chip_Cuoi_cung_cac_lop_bao_ve_va_lien_ket_duoc_them_vao_de_bao_ve_linh_kien_va_ket_noi_chung_voi_cac_chan_noi_ben_ngoai\" title=\"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c etsi\u00ea (etching) tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng silic. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean chip. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c etsi\u00ea (etching) tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng silic. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean chip. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#3_Cau_tao_va_chuc_nang_cua_IC\" title=\"3. C\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC\">3. C\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#Cau_tao_cua_mot_IC_bao_gom_cac_thanh_phan_chinh_sau\" title=\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau:\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#Chuc_nang_cua_IC_la_thuc_hien_cac_chuc_nang_dien_tu_cu_the_Moi_IC_co_mot_mach_dien_tu_rieng_biet_va_co_the_thuc_hien_cac_chuc_nang_nhu_xu_ly_tin_hieu_luu_tru_du_lieu_tao_ra_song_dieu_khien_hoac_dieu_khien_cac_thiet_bi_khac_IC_giup_tang_hieu_suat_va_do_tin_cay_cua_cac_mach_dien_tu_dong_thoi_giam_kich_thuoc_va_chi_phi_san_xuat\" title=\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i IC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. IC gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.\">Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i IC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. IC gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#4_IC_tieng_anh_la_integrated_circuit_hay_con_goi_la_chip_hay_vi_mach_dien_tu_vi_mach_tich_hopla_mot_tap_hop_cua_nhieu_cac_linh_kien_ban_dan_va_linh_kien_thu_dong_nhu_transistor_va_dien_tro\" title=\"4. IC ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 integrated circuit hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chip hay vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p,..l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf).\">4. IC ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 integrated circuit hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chip hay vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p,..l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf).<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#41_Linh_kien_ban_dan\" title=\"4.1 Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn\">4.1 Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#42_Linh_kien_thu_dong\" title=\"4.2 Linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng\">4.2 Linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#5_Cong_dung_chuc_nang_cua_IC_la_gi\" title=\"5. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">5. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#6_Mach_tich_hop_IC_giup_lam_giam_kich_thuoc_cua_mach_di_rat_nhieu_co_vai_micromet_hon_nua_chung_con_lam_do_chinh_xac_tang_len\" title=\"6. M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC) gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (c\u1ee1 v\u00e0i micromet), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.\">6. M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC) gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (c\u1ee1 v\u00e0i micromet), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#7_Phan_loai_IC_theo_chuc_nang_tin_hieu_cong_nghe%E2%80%A6\" title=\"7. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i IC theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7,&#8230;\">7. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i IC theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7,&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#8_Ung_dung_cua_IC_trong_cac_thiet_bi_cong_nghe_va_cong_nghiep\" title=\"8. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a IC trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\">8. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a IC trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#9_Qua_trinh_cai_tien_va_tich_hop_chuc_nang_vao_IC_ngay_nay\" title=\"9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o IC ng\u00e0y nay.\">9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o IC ng\u00e0y nay.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#10_Tong_quan_ve_cac_loai_IC_nhu_CPU_RFID_ASIC_ASSP_DSP_FPGA%E2%80%A6\" title=\"10. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i IC nh\u01b0 CPU, RFID, ASIC, ASSP, DSP, FPGA&#8230;\">10. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i IC nh\u01b0 CPU, RFID, ASIC, ASSP, DSP, FPGA&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#11_Su_phat_trien_cua_cong_nghe_IC_va_vai_tro_quan_trong_trong_doi_song_hien_dai\" title=\"11. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IC v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\">11. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IC v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#12_Dinh_nghia_va_nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_relay\" title=\"12. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a relay.\">12. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a relay.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#13_Cau_tao_hoat_dong_va_chuc_nang_cua_thyristor\" title=\"13. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thyristor.\">13. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thyristor.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/ic-la-gi\/#14_Dinh_nghia_ki_hieu_cau_tao_nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_va_chuc_nang_cua_diode\" title=\"14. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a diode.\">14. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a diode.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_IC_la_gi_Cau_tao_va_chuc_nang_cua_IC\"><\/span>1. IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>IC<\/strong> (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a <em>Integrated Circuit<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3o v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a IC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: IC analog v\u00e0 IC s\u1ed1. IC analog \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, trong khi IC s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i IC c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_tao_cua_IC\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a IC:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: Bao g\u1ed3m transistor, \u0111i\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e2y d\u1eabn: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong IC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc_nang_cua_IC\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<li>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_IC_la_mot_loai_linh_kien_khong_the_thieu_trong_bat_cu_mach_dien_tu_nao_vay_IC_la_gi\"><\/span>2. IC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o, v\u1eady IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IC_la_viet_tat_cua_tu_Integrated_Circuit_vi_mach_tich_hop_va_la_mot_loai_linh_kien_dien_tu_quan_trong_trong_cong_nghe_thong_tin_va_dien_tu_IC_duoc_tao_thanh_tu_su_ket_hop_cua_nhieu_linh_kien_ban_dan_va_linh_kien_thu_dong_nhu_transistor_diot_dien_tro_va_cac_yeu_to_khac_Cac_linh_kien_nay_duoc_ket_hop_lai_tren_mot_mieng_silic_hoac_chip_de_tao_thanh_mot_mach_tich_hop_co_chuc_nang_cu_the\"><\/span>IC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb &#8220;Integrated Circuit&#8221; (vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 transistor, \u0111i\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng silic ho\u1eb7c chip \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_cua_IC_bao_gom_cac_lop_dan_dien_va_cach_ly_giua_chung_Cac_lop_nay_duoc_tao_ra_thong_qua_qua_trinh_anh_xa_hoac_etsie_etching_tren_mieng_silic_Sau_do_cac_linh_kien_ban_dan_nhu_transistor_va_diot_duoc_san_xuat_va_gan_vao_cac_vi_tri_phu_hop_tren_chip_Cuoi_cung_cac_lop_bao_ve_va_lien_ket_duoc_them_vao_de_bao_ve_linh_kien_va_ket_noi_chung_voi_cac_chan_noi_ben_ngoai\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ly gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c etsi\u00ea (etching) tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng silic. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean chip. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>IC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 linh ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. IC gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Cau_tao_va_chuc_nang_cua_IC\"><\/span>3. C\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_tao_cua_mot_IC_bao_gom_cac_thanh_phan_chinh_sau\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t IC bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh sau:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Mi\u1ebfng silic: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra IC. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb silic, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n: L\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u00ean mi\u1ebfng silic th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c etsi\u00ea. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n qua IC.<\/li>\n<li>Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn: Bao g\u1ed3m transistor, \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean IC.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft: C\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n n\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chuc_nang_cua_IC_la_thuc_hien_cac_chuc_nang_dien_tu_cu_the_Moi_IC_co_mot_mach_dien_tu_rieng_biet_va_co_the_thuc_hien_cac_chuc_nang_nhu_xu_ly_tin_hieu_luu_tru_du_lieu_tao_ra_song_dieu_khien_hoac_dieu_khien_cac_thiet_bi_khac_IC_giup_tang_hieu_suat_va_do_tin_cay_cua_cac_mach_dien_tu_dong_thoi_giam_kich_thuoc_va_chi_phi_san_xuat\"><\/span>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i IC c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ea1o ra s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. IC gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_IC_tieng_anh_la_integrated_circuit_hay_con_goi_la_chip_hay_vi_mach_dien_tu_vi_mach_tich_hopla_mot_tap_hop_cua_nhieu_cac_linh_kien_ban_dan_va_linh_kien_thu_dong_nhu_transistor_va_dien_tro\"><\/span>4. IC ti\u1ebfng anh l\u00e0 integrated circuit hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chip hay vi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p,..l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (nh\u01b0 transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf).<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Linh_kien_ban_dan\"><\/span>4.1 Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong IC, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong vi m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m transistor v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Linh_kien_thu_dong\"><\/span>4.2 Linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong IC c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong IC bao g\u1ed3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Cong_dung_chuc_nang_cua_IC_la_gi\"><\/span>5. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>IC c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Mach_tich_hop_IC_giup_lam_giam_kich_thuoc_cua_mach_di_rat_nhieu_co_vai_micromet_hon_nua_chung_con_lam_do_chinh_xac_tang_len\"><\/span>6. M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC) gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (c\u1ee1 v\u00e0i micromet), h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p (IC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chip duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, IC cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Phan_loai_IC_theo_chuc_nang_tin_hieu_cong_nghe%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>7. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i IC theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7,&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>IC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i IC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: IC analog, IC k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, IC vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>Theo t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u: IC \u00e2m thanh, IC video, IC \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>Theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7: IC MOSFET, IC CMOS, IC BJT.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Ung_dung_cua_IC_trong_cac_thiet_bi_cong_nghe_va_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>8. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a IC trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>IC c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a IC bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng: IC vi x\u1eed l\u00fd (CPU) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh: CPU \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Trong xe \u00f4 t\u00f4: IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf: IC \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00e1y x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb, theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Qua_trinh_cai_tien_va_tich_hop_chuc_nang_vao_IC_ngay_nay\"><\/span>9. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o IC ng\u00e0y nay.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0o IC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chip duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 nanotechnology v\u00e0 3D integration \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Tong_quan_ve_cac_loai_IC_nhu_CPU_RFID_ASIC_ASSP_DSP_FPGA%E2%80%A6\"><\/span>10. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i IC nh\u01b0 CPU, RFID, ASIC, ASSP, DSP, FPGA&#8230;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"10. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i IC nh\u01b0 CPU, RFID, ASIC, ASSP, DSP, FPGA...\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ic_la_gi_cau_tao_va_chuc_nang_cua_ic.jpeg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"10. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i IC nh\u01b0 CPU, RFID, ASIC, ASSP, DSP, FPGA...\"\/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i IC kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i IC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CPU (Central Processing Unit): \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>RFID (Radio Frequency Identification): S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit): Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<li>ASSP (Application-Specific Standard Product): T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ASIC, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<li>DSP (Digital Signal Processor): S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n<li>FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array): Cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a IC sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Su_phat_trien_cua_cong_nghe_IC_va_vai_tro_quan_trong_trong_doi_song_hien_dai\"><\/span>11. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IC v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 IC \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 miniaturization, IC \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, xe \u00f4 t\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. IC \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Dinh_nghia_va_nguyen_tac_hoat_dong_cua_relay\"><\/span>12. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a relay.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Relay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Cau_tao_hoat_dong_va_chuc_nang_cua_thyristor\"><\/span>13. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thyristor.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thyristor l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai c\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Thyristor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua khi c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Dinh_nghia_ki_hieu_cau_tao_nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_va_chuc_nang_cua_diode\"><\/span>14. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a diode.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diode l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Diode cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a diode l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea3y qua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, IC (Integrated Circuit) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. IC \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n :IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\" width=\"790\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nNCDODOFJD8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IC l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a &#8220;Integrated Circuit&#8221; trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p&#8221; trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27275,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khai-niem-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}