{"id":279,"date":"2023-07-22T22:11:43","date_gmt":"2023-07-22T22:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/?p=279"},"modified":"2023-08-14T09:47:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-14T02:47:52","slug":"hoc-lieu-so-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/hoc-lieu-so-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6acdc936a5d79\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6acdc936a5d79\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/hoc-lieu-so-la-gi\/#Dinh_nghia_Hoc_lieu_so\" title=\"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1\">\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/hoc-lieu-so-la-gi\/#Vi_du_ve_hoc_lieu_so\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/hoc-lieu-so-la-gi\/#Cach_lam_hoc_lieu_so\" title=\"C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1\">C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/hoc-lieu-so-la-gi\/#Mot_so_cong_cu_lam_hoc_lieu_so\" title=\"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dinh_nghia_Hoc_lieu_so\"><\/span>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<\/strong>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in ra tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp tin s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c video.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp: H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet.<\/li>\n<li>Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef: So v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c: H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhanh, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng: H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du_ve_hoc_lieu_so\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (eBook): C\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (Online lectures): C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng video ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn qua internet, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc xem v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xa.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (Online tutorials): C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc (Scientific articles): C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc, y h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (eJournals): C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n<li>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (Online databases): C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u00f4ng tin nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (eLearning materials): C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ghi \u00e2m, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_lam_hoc_lieu_so\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1ed9i dung: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cho h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c con \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/li>\n<li>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n in c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh file PDF ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: T\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng cho h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng font ch\u1eef, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c: N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u, ghi ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda: Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb: Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 file PDF, ePub ho\u1eb7c HTML. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 email, trang web, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mot_so_cong_cu_lam_hoc_lieu_so\"><\/span>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Microsoft Word: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft phong ph\u00fa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n<li>Adobe InDesign: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n<li>Canva: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n<li>Adobe Acrobat: M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda PDF cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p PDF chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<li>iBooks Author: M\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Apple cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Google Docs: M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>ePub converters: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n sang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ePub cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<li>Learning management systems (LMS): C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 H\u1ecdc li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khai-niem","category-kham-pha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=279"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26176,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/279\/revisions\/26176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}