{"id":28325,"date":"2023-09-11T20:38:56","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T13:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-11T20:38:56","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T13:38:56","slug":"tu-dien-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6acf80899f8cb\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6acf80899f8cb\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#1_Capacitor_la_gi\" title=\"1. Capacitor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">1. Capacitor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Cau_truc_cua_capacitor\" title=\"C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a capacitor\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a capacitor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Bieu_do_ky_hieu_cua_capacitor\" title=\"Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a capacitor\">Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a capacitor<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Vi_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#2_Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_cua_tu_dien\" title=\"2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n\">2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Hinh_thanh_dien_tich_trong_tu_dien\" title=\"H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n\">H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Cau_tao_cua_tu_dien\" title=\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#3_Ung_dung_cua_capacitor_trong_mach_dien_tu\" title=\"3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a capacitor trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\">3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a capacitor trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_trong_nguon_dien\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_trong_vien_thong\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#4_Su_khac_nhau_giua_capacitor_va_ac_quy\" title=\"4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa capacitor v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy\">4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa capacitor v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Cau_tao\" title=\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o\">C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong\" title=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\">Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#5_Cach_phan_loai_cac_loai_tu_dien_theo_lop_cach_dien\" title=\"5. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n theo l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n\">5. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n theo l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Tu_dien_bang_gom\" title=\"T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m\">T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Tu_dien_bang_nhom\" title=\"T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m\">T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#6_Huong_dan_kiem_tra_va_xac_dinh_tu_dien_hoat_dong_tot\" title=\"6. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t\">6. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Kiem_tra_dung_luong\" title=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\">Ki\u1ec3m tra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/tu-dien-la-gi\/#Kiem_tra_tu_dien_co_ro_ri\" title=\"Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9\">Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Capacitor_la_gi\"><\/span>1. Capacitor l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <strong>capacitor<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m hai b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Hai b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 hai t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, trong khi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u01a1i, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee5, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong t\u1ee5 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t sang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kia th\u00f4ng qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ee5 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn sau khi ngu\u1ed3n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_truc_cua_capacitor\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a capacitor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u0129a kim lo\u1ea1i: L\u00e0 hai t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t song song nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li>L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n: L\u00e0 l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa hai t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1m.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i: L\u00e0 hai ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bieu_do_ky_hieu_cua_capacitor\"><\/span>Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a capacitor<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi hai d\u00f2ng cong song song cho bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng cong ng\u1eafn \u1edf gi\u1eefa cho bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f4i khi, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u &#8220;-&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;+&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>C1<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_cua_tu_dien\"><\/span>2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tu_dien_la_gi_nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_va_ung_dung_cua_tu_dien.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n\"\/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hinh_thanh_dien_tich_trong_tu_dien\"><\/span>H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m, g\u1ed1m, hay nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c sang b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_tao_cua_tu_dien\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c: b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (anode) v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (cathode). Gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dielectric. Dielectric c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 dielectric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Ung_dung_cua_capacitor_trong_mach_dien_tu\"><\/span>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a capacitor trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_nguon_dien\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong m\u1ea1ch ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb khi ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_vien_thong\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng, m\u00e1y thu s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Su_khac_nhau_giua_capacitor_va_ac_quy\"><\/span>4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa capacitor v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa capacitor v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/tu_dien_la_gi_nguyen_ly_hoat_dong_va_ung_dung_cua_tu_dien.jpeg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"4. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa capacitor v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy\"\/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cau_tao\"><\/span>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hai b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1eafc quy c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c: m\u1ed9t \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nguyen_ly_hoat_dong\"><\/span>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n, trong khi \u1eafc quy ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n lyte trong dung d\u1ecbch. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, trong khi \u1eafc quy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Cach_phan_loai_cac_loai_tu_dien_theo_lop_cach_dien\"><\/span>5. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n theo l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_dien_bang_gom\"><\/span>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp g\u1ed1m l\u00e0m dielectric. Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tu_dien_bang_nhom\"><\/span>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit nh\u00f4m l\u00e0m dielectric. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Huong_dan_kiem_tra_va_xac_dinh_tu_dien_hoat_dong_tot\"><\/span>6. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_dung_luong\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n dung. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kiem_tra_tu_dien_co_ro_ri\"><\/span>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 hay kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee5t \u00e1p khi t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. 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