{"id":28942,"date":"2023-09-13T08:54:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T01:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-13T08:54:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T01:54:45","slug":"nhiet-nang-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb joule v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6ad29b468b122\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6ad29b468b122\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#1_Nhiet_nang_la_gi\" title=\"1. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">1. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Vi_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Hop_ly\" title=\"H\u1ee3p l\u00fd:\">H\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#2_Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_nang\" title=\"2. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\">2. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Cong_thuc_dinh_nghia\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Vi_du-2\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Cach_su_dung_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_nang\" title=\"C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:\">C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Vi_du-3\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#3_Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\" title=\"3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\">3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_trong_cuoc_song_hang_ngay\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Vi_du-4\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_trong_cong_nghiep\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Vi_du-5\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#4_Nhiet_luong_la_gi\" title=\"4. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\">4. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Khai_niem_ve_nhiet_luong\" title=\"Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#5_Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong\" title=\"5. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\">5. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_trong_qua_trinh_chuyen_doi_trang_thai\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#6_Cac_cach_de_mot_vat_thay_doi_nhiet_nang\" title=\"6. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\">6. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Tac_dong_cua_nhiet_luong_vao_vat\" title=\"T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#7_Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\" title=\"7. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\">7. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_trong_cuoc_song_hang_ngay-2\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#8_Giai_bai_tap_nhiet_nang_Vat_ly_8_-_Bai_21\" title=\"8. Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd 8 &#8211; B\u00e0i 21.\">8. Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd 8 &#8211; B\u00e0i 21.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-nang-la-gi\/#Bai_tap_ve_tinh_toan_nhiet_luong\" title=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\">B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nhiet_nang_la_gi\"><\/span>1. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh: nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hay ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xoay v\u00e0 rung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e0, b\u1ea1n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t cho \u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u1ea5m l\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong \u1ea5m di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n<li>Khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y xe m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hop_ly\"><\/span>H\u1ee3p l\u00fd:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mecanic th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>2. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"2. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhiet_nang_khai_niem_cong_thuc_tinh_va_ung_dung.jpeg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"2. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.\"\/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_dinh_nghia\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-2\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>Q = mc\u0394T<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng (Joule)<\/li>\n<li>m: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (kg)<\/li>\n<li>c: Nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt (Joule\/kg\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>\u0394T: S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cach_su_dung_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ta thay c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-3\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2kg, nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang l\u00e0 500 J\/kg\u00b0C v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10\u00b0C. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p>Q = (2kg)(500 J\/kg\u00b0C)(10\u00b0C) = 10,000 J<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 10,000 Joule.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_cuoc_song_hang_ngay\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u01b0\u1edfi, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh hay ch\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00ean x\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y t\u00f3c hay l\u00f2 vi s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-4\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u01b0\u1edfi trong m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang h\u00fat nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111i ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_cong_nghiep\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n hay sinh ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i hay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-5\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p, l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb l\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m tan c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Nhiet_luong_la_gi\"><\/span>4. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khai_niem_ve_nhiet_luong\"><\/span>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb joule (J) ho\u1eb7c calori (cal).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn l\u00e0 Q = mc\u0394T, trong \u0111\u00f3 Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, c l\u00e0 dung t\u00edch ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i hay t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong\"><\/span>5. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_trong_qua_trinh_chuyen_doi_trang_thai\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Q = mL, trong \u0111\u00f3 Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt v\u00e0 L l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng hay t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Cac_cach_de_mot_vat_thay_doi_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>6. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tac_dong_cua_nhiet_luong_vao_vat\"><\/span>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o v\u1eadt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y sang ngu\u1ed3n kia. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, khi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>7. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_trong_cuoc_song_hang_ngay-2\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Giai_bai_tap_nhiet_nang_Vat_ly_8_-_Bai_21\"><\/span>8. Gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng V\u1eadt l\u00fd 8 &#8211; B\u00e0i 21.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ve_tinh_toan_nhiet_luong\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Q = mc\u0394T, trong \u0111\u00f3 Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, c l\u00e0 dung t\u00edch ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m, c v\u00e0 \u0394T, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 joule ho\u1eb7c calori c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng - B\u00e0i 21 - V\u1eadt L\u00ed 8 - C\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb H\u1eb1ng (D\u1ec4 HI\u1ec2U NH\u1ea4T)\" width=\"790\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/APUAc_Kqx8I?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khai-niem-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28942"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28942\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}