{"id":29620,"date":"2023-09-16T01:06:43","date_gmt":"2023-09-15T18:06:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/?p=29620"},"modified":"2023-09-16T01:06:43","modified_gmt":"2023-09-15T18:06:43","slug":"giai-phap-cho-cronbachs-alpha-05-thap-la-gi-co-the-tiep-tuc-voi-gia-tri-thap-05-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/giai-phap-cho-cronbachs-alpha-05-thap-la-gi-co-the-tiep-tuc-voi-gia-tri-thap-05-khong","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (0,5) th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p 0,5 kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Najmul Hoda<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Umm Al-Qura<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6ad7e4170f04d\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6ad7e4170f04d\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/giai-phap-cho-cronbachs-alpha-05-thap-la-gi-co-the-tiep-tuc-voi-gia-tri-thap-05-khong\/#Giai_phap_cho_Cronbachs_alpha_05_thap_la_gi_Co_the_tiep_tuc_voi_gia_tri_thap_05_khong\" title=\"Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (0,5) th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p 0,5 kh\u00f4ng?\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (0,5) th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p 0,5 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/giai-phap-cho-cronbachs-alpha-05-thap-la-gi-co-the-tiep-tuc-voi-gia-tri-thap-05-khong\/#Tat_ca_cac_cau_tra_loi_71\" title=\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (71)\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (71)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Giai_phap_cho_Cronbachs_alpha_05_thap_la_gi_Co_the_tiep_tuc_voi_gia_tri_thap_05_khong\"><\/span>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (0,5) th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p 0,5 kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd do bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu g\u1ed3m 150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kia.\u00a0H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 0,5.\u00a0T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>Alpha<\/p>\n<p>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/p>\n<p>Chia s\u1ebb<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>Alpha th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan y\u1ebfu n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, alpha l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\u00a0Sau khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai m\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (1)<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9cole B\u00e1ch khoa<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u>\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn\u00a0,<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n 1,0 th\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong thang \u0111o c\u00e0ng cao.\u00a0George v\u00e0 Mallery (2003) \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh nghi\u1ec7m sau: \u201c_ &gt; .9 \u2013 Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, _ &gt; .8 \u2013 T\u1ed1t, _ &gt; .7 \u2013 Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, _ &gt; .6 \u2013 C\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, _ &gt; .5 \u2013 K\u00e9m, v\u00e0 _ &lt; .5 \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (tr. 231).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach&#8217;s alpha th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u03b1 &gt; 0,6 ho\u1eb7c 0,7.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Cronbach&#8217;s alpha:<\/p>\n<p>\u03b1 =K*trung b\u00ecnh r\/(1+(K-1)*trung b\u00ecnh r).<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u03b1: K v\u00e0 r trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>K \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a alpha.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb alpha cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tau v\u00e0 cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a alpha b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi thang \u0111o ng\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thang \u0111o c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 m\u1ee5c), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 0,50).<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi c\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u00edt;\u00a0alpha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 alpha cao cho thang \u0111o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00edt m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c.\u00a0Briggs v\u00e0 Cheek (1986) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,4.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, thang \u0111o c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 alpha chronbach th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &lt;.5) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn!\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng alpha, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng alpha cronbach l\u00e0 0,5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng alpha t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,7 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Perry, RH, Charlotte, B., Isabella, M., &amp; Bob, C. (2004).\u00a0SPSS \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>SPSS2.<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>png<\/u><\/p>\n<p>521,82 KB<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>SPSS1.<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>png<\/u><\/p>\n<p>127,04 KB<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>46 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tat_ca_cac_cau_tra_loi_71\"><\/span>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (71)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Zaleha Othman<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Utara Malaysia<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cronbach&#8217;s alpha c\u1ee7a O.5 th\u1ea5p.\u00a0M\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 O.6 n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o Hair.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng cronbach, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>4 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n c\u1eebu Jeeva Karunaratne<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Coventry<\/p>\n<p>Xin ch\u00e0o Najmul<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach&#8217;s alpha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.\u00a0\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.\u00a0Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha n\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.\u00a0T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<p>Hy v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Gary Paul Martin Simpson<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Aston Buisness \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Aston<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft &#8220;T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha&#8221; c\u1ee7a Mohsen kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<p>Tavakol, Reg Dennick, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Y t\u1ebf 2011.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Daniel Wright<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nevada, Las Vegas<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean Researchgate, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:\u00a0<u>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/post\/What_ Should_be_the_Cronbach_Alpha_thumb_rule<\/u><\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed9t Cronbach&#8217;s alpha t\u1ed1t, s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Asyraf Afthanorhan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sultan Zainal Abidin |\u00a0UniSZA<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, cronbach alpha l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (CR) cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Daniel Wright<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nevada, Las Vegas<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec Cronbach&#8217;s alpha l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2, n\u01a1i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.\u00a0N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paulinus Woka Ihuah<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang s\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach&#8217;a alpha l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 alpha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 0,5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi,<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Shantapriyan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tasmania<\/p>\n<p>b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n,<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>B\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o Cronbach&#8217;s alpha?<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau m\u1ee5c (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady ho\u1eb7c Cronbach&#8217;s alpha<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 5 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i) c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n<li>n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng SPSS v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e3y nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat &#8220;th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea&#8221; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o n\u00fat &#8220;T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a&#8221;.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng Cronbach t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.\u00a0N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o Cronbachs th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m tin c\u1eady s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>4 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n&#8221; \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t ma tr\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0V\u00ec Alpha d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung b\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p hay li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u00a0N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111ang k\u00e9o t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung b\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a SPSS, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 &#8220;Alpha n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a&#8221; &#8212; n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00f3a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra alpha cao h\u01a1n khi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>4 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Senthilvel Vasudevan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc y Sri Venkateshwaraa<\/p>\n<p>CH\u00c0O,<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach&#8217;s alpha th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u00ed sinh.\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,75 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,83 v\u1edbi \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha tr\u00ean 0,90.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Cronbach&#8217;s alpha\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03b1 \u2265 0,9 Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc (Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c cao)<\/p>\n<p>0,7 \u2264 \u03b1 &lt; 0,9 T\u1ed1t (Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5p)<\/p>\n<p>0,6 \u2264 \u03b1 &lt; 0,7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>0,5 \u2264 \u03b1 &lt; 0,6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>K\u00e9m<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03b1 &lt; 0,5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<strong>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Trong c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng Cronbach&#8217;s alpha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 0,5.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paulinus Woka Ihuah<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang s\u00f4ng<\/p>\n<p>Xin vui l\u00f2ng Senthilvel cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi Cronbach alpha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu 0,5 l\u00e0 k\u00e9m th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Asyraf Afthanorhan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sultan Zainal Abidin |\u00a0UniSZA<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach alpha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.\u00a0N\u1ebfu cronbach alpha d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,50, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\u00a0Theo Nunnally (1978), cronbach alpha ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,7.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Linda Lindsey Davis<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Duke<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 0,70 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t alpha cho bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u00f3 70% \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 30% &#8220;nhi\u1ec5u&#8221; ho\u1eb7c sai s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Cronbach&#8217;s\u00a0<u>alpha.<\/u>\u00a0N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o VARIANCE.<\/p>\n<p>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c (t\u1eed s\u1ed1) tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sai c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111o (m\u1eabu s\u1ed1).\u00a0N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1.\u00a0V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra sai l\u1ec7ch trong ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ramdane Djebarni<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nam Wales<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00e0o Hoda,<\/p>\n<p>Xem m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong C\u1ed5ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u., v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n<p><u>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/post\/Cronbachs_alpha_below_07<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Charles Berg<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Luxembourg<\/p>\n<p>Trong quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a SPSS, h\u00e3y th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho Thang \u0111o n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a.\u00a0Khi alpha t\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y x\u00f3a m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi thang \u0111o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng.\u00a0N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o.\u00a0H\u00e3y th\u1eed m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Cohen&#8217;s kappa.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Shayan Mostafaei<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7n Karolinska<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng, no kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Normand Peladeau<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Provalis<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n Cronbach alpha \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.\u00a0V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cronbach alpha b\u1eb1ng 0 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u (cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean). ), nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef alpha kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf cu\u1ed1i n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng (m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang).\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.\u00a0Carver \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 35 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>12 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Mohammed Abdel Khaliq Dwikat<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia An-Najah<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 cronbach alpha kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Charles Berg<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Luxembourg<\/p>\n<p>@ Mohamed Abdel Khaliq Dwikat: n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Adham Ameen Abdulrahman<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sulaimani<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 theo cronbach alpha kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach&#8217;s alpha s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u hay kh\u00f4ng (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hay kh\u00f4ng).\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p quay xi\u00ean (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan).<\/p>\n<p>B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<p><u>https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/post\/How_can_one_help_people_create_simple_scales_from_Likert-scored_items<\/u>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>26 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>So Kay Cheng<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c gia, Singapore<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, Alpha l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m) bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1ea1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p.\u00a0C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 t\u00f9y theo n\u1ed9i dung (b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t) c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u00ecm alpha cho t\u1eebng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Lawrence G. Boakye<\/u><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp &amp; Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, Cronbach&#8217;s alpha l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 0,70 tr\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 &#8216;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8217; trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0\u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha.\u00a0Theo \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n<p><u>http:\/\/www.ats.ucla.edu\/stat\/spss\/faq\/alpha.html<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>So Kay Cheng<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c gia, Singapore<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c alpha cao h\u01a1n;\u00a0n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ed5 sung.\u00a0Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thang \u0111o, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c k\u00e9m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Lawrence G. Boakye<\/u><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp &amp; Chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 alpha cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Daisy Ofosuhene<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cape Coast<\/p>\n<p>Vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o Field (2009), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111o, m\u1ee9c alpha 0,5 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Robyn Munford<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Massey<\/p>\n<p>Field l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Shayan Mostafaei<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7n Karolinska<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean do s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ph\u00e9p \u0111o ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>JL Fleiss: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, 2011<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Charles Berg<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Luxembourg<\/p>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha l\u00e0 hai ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.\u00a0Quy t\u1eafc l\u00e0: b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed7i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p con ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.\u00a0N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 alpha \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed th\u00eam c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Claudia Viviane Viegas<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Li\u00ean bang Rio Grande do Sul<\/p>\n<p>Hoda th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Bartlett v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch giai th\u1eeba.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.\u00a0T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Morgan.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Georgios Vleioras<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thessaly<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.\u00a0N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\/ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\/m\u1eabu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a?\u00a0Cronbach trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.\u00a0N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i l\u00fd do b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.\u00a0N\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, thay v\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi theo thang \u0111o kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Mohsin Raza<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, Lahore<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn &#8220;ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1&#8221;.\u00a0V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Alpha th\u1ea5p).\u00a0V\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Cronbachs&#8217; Alpha (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn).\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft b\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Alpha h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ecm l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\u00a0Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1ea7n \u00edt n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Alpha h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Alpha th\u1ea5p:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li>Trong khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, h\u00e3y kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.\u00a0C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 quan v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o k\u00e9m (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb alpha th\u1ea5p).<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u00ecm Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t).\u00a0N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong SPSS (nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y).\u00a0\u0110\u00f4i khi, vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n Alpha trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Quy tr\u00ecnh SPSS:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch&gt;T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7&gt;Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady&gt;Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho m\u1ee5c, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a)&gt;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&gt; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh Alpha, nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ok.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach&#8217;s Alpha kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong\u00a0<strong>TH\u1ed0NG K\u00ca T\u1ed4NG M\u1ee4C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>4 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Raphael Mwiti Gikunda<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chuka, Kenya<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Soh Kaychen r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng b\u1ed5 sung r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin xin vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc;\u00a0Nunnally, JC (1978).\u00a0<em>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc (t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2)<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0New York: McGraw-Hill.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Jodie Martin<\/u><\/p>\n<p>PRO-ED, Inc.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec3m hay ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n?\u00a0N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (\u0111a \u0111i\u1ec3m) th\u00ec Cronbach&#8217;s alpha s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu g\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 1-5, h\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh 1-3).<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Riaz Ahmad<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Utara Malaysia<\/p>\n<p>th\u01b0a \u00f4ng, t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 153. \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 110 theo b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a yamane.\u00a0th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, t\u00f4i \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.\u00a0th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, h\u00e3y gi\u00fap t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.\u00a0l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu n\u00e0y.\u00a0xin ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i \u0111ang b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ..<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ataul Karim Patwary<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Malaysia, Kelantan<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129\u00a0<u>Najmul Hoda<\/u>\u00a0, vui l\u00f2ng xem qua Nunally (1970) th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Cronbach Alpha.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>Dall&#8217;Oglio v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2010), cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach alpha 0,5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi thang \u0111o ng\u1eafn (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00edt m\u1ee5c).\u00a0Trong \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 4: T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 huynh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<p>p421 &#8220;N\u00f3i chung, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach&#8217;s alpha cao h\u01a1n 0,70 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0<\/p>\n<p>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng;\u00a0tuy nhi\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 20 m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a QS4-G, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 0,50 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f4i c\u00f3 thang \u0111o 5 x 3 m\u1ee5c, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 thang \u0111o chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n 5 chi\u1ec1u (15 m\u1ee5c), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hall (1968).\u00a0T\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,5 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.\u00a0Thang \u0111o 3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi thang \u0111o 5 m\u1ee5c trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao).\u00a0N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong thang \u0111o 5 m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thang \u0111o gi\u1ea3m.\u00a0\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean (Dall&#8217;Oglio et al) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng 0,5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 alpha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thang \u0111o 3 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y?\u00a0S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>5 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Karen Bayne<\/u><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e0nh Con<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c ra kh\u1ecfi thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Cronbach Alpha cao h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb EFA b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thang \u0111o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u00a0B\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 25 m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb thang \u0111o 5&#215;5 m\u1ee5c, tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c cronbach cao nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t trong hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.\u00a0M\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 3 m\u1ee5c.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hai thang \u0111o m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec3m tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, n\u00f3 \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thang \u0111o 3 m\u1ee5c.\u00a0Dall&#8217;Olglio v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 0,50 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Warda Shahid<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (Pakistan)<\/p>\n<p>\u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 0,3 v\u00e0 0,4.\u00a0L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn h\u1eefu \u00edch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, s\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Dhana Lakshmi Thiyaga Rajan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal<\/p>\n<p>Theo quan ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi cronbach alpha r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0,3 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam.\u00a0B\u1edfi v\u00ec.\u00a00,1 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 0,7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 0,3 v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,7<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Dhana Lakshmi Thiyaga Rajan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal<\/p>\n<p>Vui l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft&#8221;S\u1ef1 lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc&#8221; &#8211; O. Folorunso&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; Tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.\u00a0T\u1eadp(4):S\u1ed1(3).<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Dhana Lakshmi Thiyaga Rajan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 0,5.\u00a0T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Spss.\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn menu chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp =\u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a+t\u00ean 1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0y<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9cole B\u00e1ch khoa<\/p>\n<p>Cronbach 0,50 alpha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi thang \u0111o ng\u1eafn (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00edt m\u1ee5c).\u00a0H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 m\u1ee5c trong thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,20 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,50, n\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kh\u1eed m\u00f9i !<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Peter Deli<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Geneva<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u>\u00a0r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb!\u00a0B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9cole B\u00e1ch khoa<\/p>\n<p><u>Peter Deli<\/u>\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn\u00a0,<\/p>\n<p>Dall&#8217;Oglio v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2010) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Cronbach alpha 0,50 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n, m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:\u00a0<u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_1493<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n Lara, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Dall&#8217;Oglio et al (2010) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 0,5.\u00a0H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng?\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9cole B\u00e1ch khoa<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u>\u00a0th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn\u00a0,<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 Cronbach&#8217;s alpha c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n 1,0 th\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c trong thang \u0111o c\u00e0ng cao.\u00a0George v\u00e0 Mallery (2003) \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh nghi\u1ec7m sau: \u201c_ &gt; .9 \u2013 Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, _ &gt; .8 \u2013 T\u1ed1t, _ &gt; .7 \u2013 Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, _ &gt; .6 \u2013 C\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, _ &gt; .5 \u2013 K\u00e9m, v\u00e0 _ &lt; .5 \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d (tr. 231).<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach&#8217;s alpha th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thay v\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u03b1 &gt; 0,6 ho\u1eb7c 0,7.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e3y xem c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Cronbach&#8217;s alpha:<\/p>\n<p>\u03b1 =K*trung b\u00ecnh r\/(1+(K-1)*trung b\u00ecnh r).<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u03b1: K v\u00e0 r trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>K \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thang \u0111o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a alpha.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb alpha cao h\u01a1n.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd vi ph\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tau v\u00e0 cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.\u00a0Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a alpha b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1edbi thang \u0111o ng\u1eafn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thang \u0111o c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 5 m\u1ee5c), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Cronbach kh\u00e1 th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 0,50).<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi c\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m \u00edt;\u00a0alpha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd.\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 alpha cao cho thang \u0111o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00edt m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c.\u00a0Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c.\u00a0Briggs v\u00e0 Cheek (1986) \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,4.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, thang \u0111o c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 alpha chronbach th\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: &lt;.5) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn!\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng alpha, c\u1ea7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 sao th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng alpha cronbach l\u00e0 0,5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng alpha t\u1eeb 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,7 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Perry, RH, Charlotte, B., Isabella, M., &amp; Bob, C. (2004).\u00a0SPSS \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>SPSS2.<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>png<\/u><\/p>\n<p>521,82 KB<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>SPSS1.<\/u><\/p>\n<p><u>png<\/u><\/p>\n<p>127,04 KB<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>46 Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>c\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n Lara v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho t\u00f4i<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ng\u00e0i Tahidur Rahman<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Bangladesh<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lara Abdel Halim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Laxmi Narayanan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u00e3 Lai<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, Lara v\u00ec l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Mohamed Ismail Umlai<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qatar<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n @ Lara v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Xin cho bi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<p>Hinton, P., McMurray, I., Brownlow, C. v\u00e0 Cozens, B. (2004),\u00a0<em>SPSS Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch<\/em>\u00a0, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 1, Routledge, London.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Paul Tully<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brighton<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o Mohammed<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ng\u00e0i Shahinoor Rahman<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chittagong<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi Lara.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Anastasia Thyroff<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Clemson<\/p>\n<p><u>Lara Abdel Halim<\/u>\u00a0,\u00a0<u>Paul Tully<\/u>\u00a0&#8211; M\u1ed9t trong hai b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 Dall&#8217;Oglio et al.\u00a0(2010) tham kh\u1ea3o?\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\u00a0C\u1ea3m \u01a1n &#8211;<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Diana Van Jaarsveld<\/u><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n Warrina Homes<\/p>\n<p>Xin ch\u00e0o\u00a0<u>Anastasia Thyroff<\/u><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p>Dall&#8217;Oglio, Anna &amp; Rossiello, Barbara &amp; Coletti, Maria &amp; Caselli, Maria Cristina &amp; Rav\u00e0, Lucilla &amp; Di Ciommo, Vincenzo &amp; Orzalesi, Marcello &amp; Giannantoni, Patrizia &amp; Pasqualetti, Patrizio.\u00a0(2010).\u00a0\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 4: T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ee5 huynh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd.\u00a0T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nhi khoa v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tr\u1ebb em.\u00a046. \u200b\u200b419-26.\u00a010.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.01748.x.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Fahad Saqib Lodhi<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Y t\u1ebf Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/p>\n<p>Lara gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.\u00a0C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Cronbach&#8217;s alpha n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn, \u00fd t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng &#8220;c\u00f3&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng&#8221; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 thang \u0111o Likert?<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Abdullah Hujalan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Southampton<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi Lara.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Bradley DF Colpitts<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kwansei Gakuin<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00edch.\u00a0C\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Ruth Puhr<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Les Roches<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3m \u01a1n Lara r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u &#8211; th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch!<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, alpha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\u00a0Th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c alpha ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu hai m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Amira Bankole Hameed<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Aston<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u>\u00a0Xin ch\u00e0o, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem x\u00e9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c, do h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 alpha th\u1ea5p (v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00f4i).\u00a0T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 EFA v\u00e0 Pearsons.\u00a0V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u1ea3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?\u00a0.\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb&#8221; b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n EFA c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi hai m\u1ee5c.\u00a0V\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, v\u1edbi hai m\u1ee5c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ed3i quy, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ed1i \u0111a (R-sq) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1ea5t khi b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai bi\u1ebfn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang n\u00f3, thay v\u00ec g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t cho k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>2 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Amira Bankole Hameed<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Aston<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n.\u00a0T\u00f4i qu\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 4 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh 2 b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau.\u00a0\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan EFA v\u00e0 Pearsons, tr\u00ean 4 m\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\/t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng EFA v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CFA th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1c ?\u00a0T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00ec t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 cho b\u00e0i b\u00e1o th\u1ea1c s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.\u00a0N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3.\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n EFA, t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xoay xi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Digvijay Singh<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Banaras Hindu<\/p>\n<p>t\u00f4i c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 0,294 chronbah&#8217;s alpha .. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng??\u00a0n\u1ebfu chronbach alpha c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,888 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac??<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>David L Morgan<\/u><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Portland<\/p>\n<p>Alpha th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan y\u1ebfu n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, alpha l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.\u00a0Sau khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hai m\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1eebng m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p><u>Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Najmul Hoda \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Umm Al-Qura Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho Cronbach&#8217;s alpha (0,5) th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p 0,5 kh\u00f4ng? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thao-luan-dinh-luong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29620"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29622,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29620\/revisions\/29622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}