{"id":30140,"date":"2023-09-17T19:18:32","date_gmt":"2023-09-17T12:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-17T19:18:32","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T12:18:32","slug":"nhiet-luong-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa ra, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ta t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y!<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6acfc6233e807\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6acfc6233e807\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Nhiet\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t\">Nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Nhiet_luong\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\">Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Nhiet_nang\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng\">Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Nhung_loai_nhiet_nang_pho_bien\" title=\"Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:\">Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Vi_du\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Phuong_trinh_can_bang_nhiet\" title=\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Vi_du-2\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_phuong_trinh_can_bang_nhiet\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra_khi_dot_chay_nhien_lieu\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Vi_du-3\" title=\"V\u00ed d\u1ee5:\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra_khi_dot_chay_nhien_lieu\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Bai_tap_ap_dung\" title=\"B\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\">B\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/nhiet-luong-la-gi\/#Goi_y\" title=\"G\u1ee3i \u00fd:\">G\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiet\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec7t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhiet_luong_khai_niem_va_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_trong_vat_li.jpeg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t\"\/><br \/>\nNhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t hay gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua ba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh: d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 Celsius (\u00b0C) ho\u1eb7c Kelvin (K). \u0110\u1ed9 Celsius \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, trong khi Kelvin th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0: K = \u00b0C + 273.15.<\/p>\n<p>Quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m ba quy lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh: quy lu\u1eadt d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t. Quy lu\u1eadt d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Quy lu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed. Quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiet_luong\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 joule (J) ho\u1eb7c calori (cal). M\u1ed9t joule t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 0.239 cal.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Q = m * c * \u0394T, trong \u0111\u00f3 Q l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t, c l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhiet_nang\"><\/span>Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/nhiet_luong_khai_niem_va_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_trong_vat_li.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng\"\/><br \/>\nNhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o ra hay ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y. Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u01a1, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nhung_loai_nhiet_nang_pho_bien\"><\/span>Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u01a1: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ta \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u1ea5m tr\u00ean b\u1ebfp ga, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong \u1ea5m s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0\u6e29\u5ea6.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh heat energy do va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c electron.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_nhiet_nang\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<br \/>\n&#8211; Nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t.<br \/>\n&#8211; Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong y h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 vi r\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra cho m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau: Q = mc\u0394T. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Q l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J), m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kg), c l\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J\/kg\u00b0C), v\u00e0 \u0394T l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a\u6e29\u5ea6 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u00b0C).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2kg v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 500 J\/kg\u00b0C. N\u1ebfu\u6e29\u5ea6 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 20\u00b0C l\u00ean 50\u00b0C, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\nQ = (2kg) x (500 J\/kg\u00b0C) x (50\u00b0C &#8211; 20\u00b0C)<br \/>\nQ = 60,000 J<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phuong_trinh_can_bang_nhiet\"><\/span>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-2\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Fourier, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng: q = -kA(dT\/dx), trong \u0111\u00f3 q l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb W), k l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb W\/m\u00b0C), A l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00b2), v\u00e0 (dT\/dx) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a\u6e29\u5ea6 theo chi\u1ec1u x.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_phuong_trinh_can_bang_nhiet\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8211; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra_khi_dot_chay_nhien_lieu\"><\/span>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecfa ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau: Q = m x HCV. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Q l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J), m l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kg), v\u00e0 HCV l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J\/kg).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vi_du-3\"><\/span>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 1kg x\u0103ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 45MJ\/kg. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra nh\u01b0 sau:<br \/>\nQ = (1kg) x (45MJ\/kg) x (10^6 J\/1MJ)<br \/>\nQ = 45 x 10^6 J<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_cong_thuc_tinh_nhiet_luong_toa_ra_khi_dot_chay_nhien_lieu\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u1ea3 ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8211; C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<br \/>\n&#8211; N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bai_tap_ap_dung\"><\/span>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5kg v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 800 J\/kg\u00b0C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 20\u00b0C l\u00ean 100\u00b0C. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n2. M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 50MJ\/kg \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 10kg. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y n\u00e0y.<br \/>\n3. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed9t thanh kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 A v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u00e0 d, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Goi_y\"><\/span>G\u1ee3i \u00fd:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&#8211; \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap ta t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng - B\u00e0i 24 - V\u1eadt L\u00ed 8 - C\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb H\u1eb1ng (HAY NH\u1ea4T)\" width=\"790\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ILMhCx4N9jk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa ra, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30138,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khai-niem-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30140\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}