{"id":30451,"date":"2023-09-18T07:55:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T00:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi"},"modified":"2023-09-18T07:55:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T00:55:45","slug":"sodium-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi","title":{"rendered":"SODIUM: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sodium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Na v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 11. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao d\u1eabn th\u1ee5 qua c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. H\u00e3y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a sodium trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y!<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_40 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" area-label=\"ez-toc-toggle-icon-1\"><label for=\"item-6ad01396cd027\" aria-label=\"Table of Content\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6ad01396cd027\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#1_Nguyen_to_clo\" title=\"1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo\">1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_clo\" title=\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo:\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_clo\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a clo:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a clo:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#2_Natri_sodium\" title=\"2. Natri (sodium)\">2. Natri (sodium)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_natri\" title=\"T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri:\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#Ung_dung_cua_natri\" title=\"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a natri:\">\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a natri:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#3_Kim_loai_kiem\" title=\"3. Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\">3. Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#31_Dac_diem_chung_cua_kim_loai_kiem\" title=\"3.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\">3.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#311_Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_kim_loai_kiem\" title=\"3.1.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\">3.1.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#312_Ung_dung_cua_kim_loai_kiem\" title=\"3.1.2 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\">3.1.2 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#4_Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_natri\" title=\"4. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri\">4. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#41_Tinh_chat_oxi-hoa_khu\" title=\"4.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t oxi-ho\u00e1 kh\u1eed\">4.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t oxi-ho\u00e1 kh\u1eed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#42_Phan_ung_voi_nuoc\" title=\"4.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc\">4.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#5_Cach_dieu_che_natri\" title=\"5. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri\">5. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#51_San_xuat_natri_tu_muoi_bien\" title=\"5.1 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n\">5.1 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#52_San_xuat_natri_tu_quang_halit\" title=\"5.2 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng halit\">5.2 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng halit<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#6_Luu_y_khi_su_dung_natri\" title=\"6. L\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng natri\">6. L\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng natri<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3'><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#61_Bao_quan_an_toan\" title=\"6.1 B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n\">6.1 B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/sodium-la-gi\/#62_Su_dung_dung_cach\" title=\"6.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch\">6.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nguyen_to_clo\"><\/span>1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Cl v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 17. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Clo t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a clo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a clo l\u00e0 -34,04 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 -101,5 \u0111\u1ed9 C. Clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t clo nh\u01b0 x\u00fat clo, axit clohydric v\u00e0 xyanua.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_clo\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a clo:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Clo c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 oxi ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxi ho\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Clo t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c acid kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 axit clohydric (HCl), axit clo\u0111ua (HClO2) v\u00e0 axit clorua (HClO3).<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed clo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i clo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_clo\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a clo:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y, da, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m.<\/li>\n<li>Clo c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed m\u00e0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Natri_sodium\"><\/span>2. Natri (sodium)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Natri l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Na v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 11. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 1A trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Natri c\u00f3 m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng, m\u1ec1m, d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, reo v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. Natri th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i natri clorua (NaCl) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i natri cacbonat (Na2CO3).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_natri\"><\/span>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Natri c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxi ho\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n<li>Natri ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydroxit natri (NaOH) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro (H2).<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed natri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ung_dung_cua_natri\"><\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a natri:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Natri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng bauxite.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1i natri nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i natri clorua (mu\u1ed1i \u0103n) v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i natri cacbonat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Kim_loai_kiem\"><\/span>3. Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"3. Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sodium_mot_cai_nhin_tong_quan_ve_nguyen_to_hoa_hoc_nay.jpeg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"3. Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m\"\/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Dac_diem_chung_cua_kim_loai_kiem\"><\/span>3.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u00f3m 1 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 lithium (Li), natri (Na), kali (K), rubidi (Rb), xesi (Cs) v\u00e0 franci (Fr). Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"311_Tinh_chat_vat_ly_cua_kim_loai_kiem\"><\/span>3.1.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"312_Ung_dung_cua_kim_loai_kiem\"><\/span>3.1.2 \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, natri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5. Kali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i \u0103n. Rubidi v\u00e0 xesi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Tinh_chat_hoa_hoc_cua_natri\"><\/span>4. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a natri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Tinh_chat_oxi-hoa_khu\"><\/span>4.1 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t oxi-ho\u00e1 kh\u1eed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Natri c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t oxi-ho\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho natri th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra ion Na+ khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Phan_ung_voi_nuoc\"><\/span>4.2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, natri ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra hidroxit natri (NaOH) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro (H2). Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t, g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Cach_dieu_che_natri\"><\/span>5. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"5. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri\" src=\"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/sodium_mot_cai_nhin_tong_quan_ve_nguyen_to_hoa_hoc_nay.jpg\" style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block; margin: 0 auto;\" title=\"5. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri\"\/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"51_San_xuat_natri_tu_muoi_bien\"><\/span>5.1 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf natri l\u00e0 t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi than c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed clo (Cl2) v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 natri.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"52_San_xuat_natri_tu_quang_halit\"><\/span>5.2 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng halit<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Qu\u1eb7ng halit (NaCl) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t natri. Qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xay nhuy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi than c\u1ed1c. Mixture n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 kh\u00ed clo.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Luu_y_khi_su_dung_natri\"><\/span>6. L\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng natri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"61_Bao_quan_an_toan\"><\/span>6.1 B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n an to\u00e0n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Natri ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef natri \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o v\u00e0 tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh va \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee9a natri \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"62_Su_dung_dung_cach\"><\/span>6.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng natri, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u0111eo k\u00ednh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 g\u0103ng tay ch\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi natri m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>Sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee9a natri \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sodium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 11, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Na. N\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sodium \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sodium Hydroxide NaOH - T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a NaOH trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng | VIETCHEM\" width=\"790\" height=\"444\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FLQT7fnLhiY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sodium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Na v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 11. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong mu\u1ed1i&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khai-niem-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30451"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30451\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30451"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ungdung.hotronghiencuu.com\/open\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}